The periparturient mare: when gut attacks
The entirety of the intestinal tract cannot be palpated or imaged making evaluation of the periparturient foaling mare difficult. Response to nasogastric intubation, clinical impression and evaluation of blood work therefore become important aids to diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings may not point towards any particular lesion and the majority of the intestinal tract is not visible in the pregnant mare, however if seen changes in gut location, anatomy or size may be the only clue of developing problems. Regrettably, the only indication of intestinal compromise or rupture may be the rapid onset of fulminant peritonitis and signs of endotoxemia. Any compromise to the gastrointestinal tract, promoting translocation of bacteria and inflammatory mediator production, or more seriously direct spillage of intestinal content or feces such as with rectal laceration, results in the onset of endotoxemia. Fever, depression, and profound circulatory disturbances result...